Actualizing Tendency dalam Perspektif Psikologi Islam: Kajian Komparatif dan Sintesis Konseptual
Keywords:
actualizing tendency, psikologi Islam, fitrah, aktualisasi diri, nafs, teosentrisAbstract
This article examines the concept of actualizing tendency — originally formulated by Carl Rogers as the innate human drive to grow, develop, and fulfill one's full potential — from the perspective of Islamic psychology. Through a comparative and synthetic review of existing literature, this study identifies both structural parallels and fundamental teleological differences between the humanistic and Islamic conceptualizations of this tendency. Islamic psychology grounds the actualizing tendency in the concept of fitrah — the natural disposition toward belief in and worship of God — and understands its fulfillment not as autonomous self-expansion, but as a theocentric process encompassing the cultivation of the soul's dimensions (nafs, 'aql, qalb, ruh), the purification of the self, the fulfillment of divine trust (amānah), and proximity to God. Key mechanisms include self-awareness, muhasabah (self-accounting), tafakkur (deep reflection), muraqabah (awareness of divine surveillance), and devotional practice (ibadah). Empirical evidence in the reviewed literature is nuanced: Islamic spirituality shows a positive correlation with psychological well-being in one study, while no significant correlation between religiosity and self-actualization is found in another. This underscores the epistemological importance of constructing genuinely Islamic psychological constructs rather than merely adapting Western measures. The article concludes that actualizing tendency in Islamic psychology is best understood as a theocentric, holistic, and morally-laden striving toward becoming one's true self before God.
Artikel ini mengkaji konsep actualizing tendency — yang semula dirumuskan oleh Carl Rogers sebagai kecenderungan bawaan manusia untuk tumbuh, berkembang, dan mencapai potensi penuhnya — dari perspektif psikologi Islam. Melalui kajian komparatif dan sintesis literatur, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kemiripan struktural sekaligus perbedaan teleologis yang mendasar antara konseptualisasi humanistik dan Islam atas kecenderungan tersebut. Psikologi Islam mendasarkan kecenderungan aktualisasi pada konsep fitrah — disposisi alami manusia untuk beriman dan beribadah kepada Tuhan — dan memahami pemenuhannya bukan sebagai ekspansi diri yang otonom, melainkan sebagai proses teosentris yang mencakup pengembangan dimensi jiwa (nafs, 'aql, qalb, ruh), penyucian diri, pemenuhan amanah ilahi, serta kedekatan dengan Tuhan. Mekanisme kuncinya meliputi self-awareness, muhasabah, tafakkur, muraqabah, dan praktik ibadah. Bukti empiris dalam literatur yang dikaji bersifat bernuansa: spiritualitas Islam menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kesejahteraan psikologis dalam satu studi, sementara studi lain tidak menemukan korelasi signifikan antara religiositas dan aktualisasi diri. Hal ini menegaskan pentingnya membangun konstruk psikologis Islam yang autentik, bukan sekadar mengadaptasi ukuran Barat. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa actualizing tendency dalam psikologi Islam paling tepat dipahami sebagai perjuangan teosentris, holistik, dan sarat nilai moral menuju menjadi diri yang sejati di hadapan Tuhan.
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