Ageisme (Ageism): Tinjauan Psikologi dan Perspektif Psikologi Islam
Keywords:
ageisme, psikologi Islam, lansia, prasangka, diskriminasi, kesejahteraan psikologisAbstract
Ageism refers to stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminatory practices directed at individuals based on their age, particularly older adults. This article aims to comprehensively review the concept of ageism from psychological and Islamic psychology perspectives. Through a literature synthesis approach, this study examines the definition, psychosocial mechanisms, manifestations, impacts on mental health and well-being, as well as prevention and intervention strategies related to ageism. The findings indicate that ageism operates through cognitive-affective-behavioral processes at both interpersonal and institutional levels, and is consistently associated with negative psychological well-being outcomes in older adults. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, ageism constitutes a relational-ethical deviation that contradicts Islamic values of dignity, respect, care, and justice toward the elderly. The Islamic framework provides a strong normative foundation for anti-ageism through relational ethics, spiritual practices such as dhikr, and intergenerational education. However, specific empirical evidence testing Islamic psychology-informed mechanisms to reduce ageism remains limited. Future research agendas should focus on developing evaluative studies of ethically Islamicized intergenerational contact interventions, accompanied by culturally valid measurement tools.
Ageisme merujuk pada stereotip, prasangka, dan praktik diskriminatif yang diarahkan kepada individu berdasarkan usia mereka, terutama terhadap orang lanjut usia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara komprehensif konsep ageisme dari perspektif psikologi dan psikologi Islam. Melalui pendekatan sintesis literatur, kajian ini menelaah definisi, mekanisme psikososial, manifestasi, dampak terhadap kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan, serta strategi pencegahan dan intervensi terkait ageisme. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ageisme beroperasi melalui proses kognitif-afektif-perilaku pada level interpersonal maupun institusional dan secara konsisten berkaitan dengan dampak negatif pada psychological well-being lansia. Dari perspektif psikologi Islam, ageisme merupakan penyimpangan relasional-etik yang bertentangan dengan nilai martabat, hormat, kepedulian, dan keadilan dalam Islam terhadap lansia. Kerangka Islam menyediakan landasan normatif yang kuat untuk anti-ageisme melalui etika relasional, praktik spiritual seperti zikir, dan pendidikan antargenerasi. Namun, bukti empiris yang secara spesifik menguji mekanisme berbasis psikologi Islam untuk mengurangi ageisme masih terbatas. Agenda riset ke depan perlu difokuskan pada pengembangan studi evaluatif terhadap intervensi kontak antargenerasi yang diislamisasikan secara etik, disertai instrumen pengukuran yang valid lintas budaya.
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